The original site was over-run by Apaches. The foundation of Mission San Xavier del Bac, 9 miles up stream from present-day Tucson, is begun by Papago (now Tohono O’odham) laborers, under the direction of Father Kino. Today, the re-constructed Mission Garden occupies the same site and grows heritage fruits, vegetables, and grains from the Fr. Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Francisco Kino makes his initial visit to the area he calls Pimaria Alta (land of the Upper Pima) He finds Pima Indians living in a well-irrigated agrarian settlement they call T’Shuk-sohn: Place at the Base of Black Mountain (later known as Sentinel Peak and now “A” Mountain). Also, over many years, intensive agricultural may have stripped nutrients from the soil causing crop failures. They had a large population to feed and the desert Southwest does not naturally favor large, clustered populations of any type. In the 12th & 13th century C.E., their homeland experienced long periods of drought combined with intermittent flooding that destroyed many of their irrigation canals.
Many archeologists believe changes in weather patterns were primarily the cause of the collapse of the Hohokam culture. Why the Hohokam disappeared from the archeological record is unknown in detail, but undoubtedly it was somehow related to the inability to produce sufficient crops. You will find the remains of a Hohokam pit house within the reconstructed El Presidio del Tucson. A substantial Hohokam community with extensive irrigated fields is located on land that will become the area between modern Downtown Tucson and “A” Mountain. AD 450–1450Ī complex agricultural society known as the Hohokam inhabits the area ranging from present-day Northern Mexico to Central Arizona. Perhaps you will discover some too.Īrcheological sites prove American Indians lived in the Santa Cruz River Valley near Tucson for at least 12,000 years. While doing the research for this Timeline, I learned a few lessons. I believe there are lessons we can learn from history so that we don’t have to repeat the mistakes of the past. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I did putting it together. I’m happy to share this History of Tucson Timeline with you. For me, the simplest and most effective context is a chronological timeline. It is much easier to get my mind around all that has happened here over the past many centuries when I can put it all into context. I find the history of Tucson fascinating, and enjoy leading our Southern Arizona Guide Tucson History & Libation Tourone Sunday a month.
Artist Paul Coze’s illustration of prehistoric Hohokam irrigation canals.
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